What Were The Specific Provisions Of The Government Of India Act Of 1919 That Led To The Expansion Of Indian Industries During The Interwar Period, And How Did The Subsequent Imposition Of The Simon Commission's Recommendations In 1930 Undermine These Nascent Industrial Developments, Particularly In The Context Of The Indian Textile Industry?

The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced provisions that facilitated the expansion of Indian industries, particularly through the establishment of dyarchy, which granted Indian ministers some control over economic policies. This allowed for protective tariffs, enabling India to shield its nascent industries, such as textiles, from British competition. Additionally, the Act permitted state support through investments and subsidies, fostering industrial growth.

However, the Simon Commission's recommendations, implemented in the Government of India Act of 1935, centralized economic decision-making, reducing provincial autonomy and the ability to set protective tariffs. This undermining of tariff protections exposed Indian industries, especially textiles, to increased competition from British goods. Coupled with the economic challenges of the Great Depression, these changes hindered the growth of Indian industries, which had previously benefited from the 1919 Act's provisions.